Tag: margaret jull costa

  • Writing is like dragging rocks over ice

    Translated from the Spanish by Margaret Jull Costa.

    A few days ago, during supper with friends I hadn’t seen for years, one of them, Neil, asked about my new career as writer. I quickly summarised what the last three years of my life had been like and spoke, too, of my previous career as an advertising copywriter. He then asked if I’d given up work to devote myself to writing. I explained, in a jokey way, that writing was of course also work, although his remark, far from offending me, very much chimed with my own idea of writing: something which, though it has all the ingredients of a job, remains, in work terms, ambiguous to say the least.

    An ambiguity fully corroborated by the fact that, in order to write, you don’t have to travel to a particular place and remain there from nine to five. Nor do you have to be employed by a company or be interviewed by some human resources department, or invest in expensive equipment. At its most basic, all you need in order to write is the desire to do it, a pencil and some paper. In extreme cases – St John of the Cross, for example, who committed to memory a large part of his Spiritual Canticle while in prison – you don’t even need a pencil and paper. Ultimately, all you need in order to write is the desire to do it.

    I don’t know why I write. When people ask me, apart from a few clichéd responses, I can’t really say why. All I know is that I want to. And that desire to write at all costs has a lot to do with my friend Neil’s comment, because writing, when stripped down to its bare bones, is more like play than work. You play with your own words, with your readers, with reality and even with what cannot be articulated, as is the case with poetry.

    For me, the Brazilian poet, Manoel de Barros, captures that ‘uselessness’ perfectly when he writes:

    Everything that leads us nowhere
    and that you can’t sell at the market,
    for example, the green hearts
    of birds,
    is food for poetry.

    That path – supposedly a waste of aesthetic time – was also the path travelled by Georges Perec’s Bartlebooth, by Werner Herzog when he wanted to transport a steamship over a steep hill, by Captain Scott, who froze to death only a few kilometres from the supply depot that would have saved him and his travelling companions. Letters addressed to various people were found in his tent, along with his diaries. The diaries tell us that he was still writing the day before he died and describe, in detail, the hell they endured up until their final moments. There was something else as well, perhaps not as ‘useful’ as those writings or as the rolls of film, but, in my view, far more intriguing. Next to the tent were the sixteen kilos of fossils they had been dragging across the ice for weeks in the cruellest, most inhuman conditions imaginable. Why didn’t they just ditch the fossils? We will never know, but it may be that without that ‘useless’ weight, they would have made more progress each day and might – who knows – have covered the 19 kilometres that separated them from the supply depot and salvation.

    When I die, I hope that whoever finds my tent will discover a lot of useless things: the countless aimless strolls through the plains of my childhood, the thousands of hours devoted to reading books, many of which I can’t even remember, but, above all, the hundreds of pages I wrote and then discarded. Pages that were both useless and necessary, because, without them, the published pages would make no sense at all.

    History may have given the glory to Amundsen, but poetry is reserved for those who drag rocks over ice.

    Jesús Carrasco will appear at Edinburgh Festival with Max Porter on Monday 31 August. Find out more here.

    Read more about Out in the Open and buy it through our book partner Foyles on the World Bookshelf.

  • Horror and words  

    This article is part of the English PEN Between EU and Me project, supported by the European Commission

    Translated from the Portuguese by Margaret Jull Costa

    Few things are as intense as a nightmare, and few things as tedious as hearing a description of one. Feelings are not easily converted into words: the abstract, oceanic universe of memories which have such emotional resonance for the dreamer, can only be communicated through one instrument – language – which is, inevitably, more restricted. When we wake up, all we have to evoke our anguish and fear are generic words like ‘anguish’ and ‘fear’.

    The same can happen when dealing with a historical nightmare. A recent article by Philip Gourevitch in The New Yorker showed that, twenty years after the war in Rwanda – when the Hutus murdered 800,000 Tutsis in the space of a hundred days, in a spiral of hatred fermented by colonialism and by the UN looking the other way – it is still difficult to reach a consensus on what name to use to describe what happened. In Rwanda itself they discuss whether it would be best to choose a word from the local language or from the language of the colonisers, whether verbal precision is enough or if a neologism is called for in order to describe the tragedy.

    Similar debates arise out of any collective trauma. There are Jewish groups who reject the established term ‘holocaust’, with its suggestion of sacrifice and the expiation of sins, in favour of the less ambiguous ‘shoah’ (‘calamity’ or ‘annihilation’). In Turkey, it is still taboo to use the word ‘genocide’ to describe the Armenian massacre begun in 1915. In Brazil, something similar is happening in the struggle for recognition of what was and is being perpetrated against indigenous communities.

    These are small battles within a long and difficult war, that of passing on memories so that the horror is not repeated. Words are the first and sometimes only weapon available to the victims of any attempt at extermination, and it’s important to find some way of ensuring that they do not become mere slogans deploying a vocabulary approved by militants, and do not betray the nature of what happened.

    It is, therefore, also a matter of aesthetics. That’s where the parallel between historical narrative and literary fiction comes in. In both cases, the repeated use of words, even if these are morally correct, can produce entirely the wrong effect, by making those words banal, solemn or overly sentimental. A book that merely describes what happened in Rwanda or during the Holocaust as the terrible massacres that they were, will simply be repeating what the newspapers said and what more informed readers already know. To touch the sensibilities of the more demanding reader, to arouse their empathy and provoke their discomfort and to encourage some practical action (if non-violent activism is the objective) requires more than the mere repetition of the truth of the facts.

    A careful eye must be kept on the truth of the language used as well. The most distressing writings about Rwanda, like those of Gourevitch himself, somehow find a balance between their extreme, incandescent subject and the informative distance needed to describe it. A film like Schindler’s List, which depends on empathy, shocks and tears, makes use of a certain narrative amorality in order to have a moral impact on its audience.

    As a novelist, and especially in a book like Diary of the Fall, which deals with a subject that has been written about time and again – the effects of the Second World War on three generations of Jews – I was faced by just such a challenge. From the start, I knew that I would have to balance language and invention, using changes of narrative pace and other techniques in order to bring the characters and their dramas to life, to achieve the paradox that characterises the most successful literary examples: lying as a way of telling the truth.

    Margaret Jull Costa has been a literary translator for nearly thirty years and has translated novels and short stories by such writers as Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, José Saramago, Javier Marías and Bernardo Atxaga. She has won various prizes for her work, most recently the Calouste Gulbenkian Translation Prize for The Word Tree by Teolinda Gersão, for which she was also runner-up with her translation of António Lobo Antunes’ The Land at the End of the World. In 2013 she was invited to become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and in 2014 was awarded the OBE for services to literature.

     

  • Recommended Summer Reading in Translation from PEN Atlas

    Need a good book to go with the good weather? In the lead-up to this evening’s English PEN Summer Party, Marina Warner, James Meek, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Blake Morrision, and many more offer their tips for what to read in translation this summer

     

    D.J. Taylor

    I’d like to recommend Stefan Chwin’s Death in Danzig, translated from the Polish by Philip Boehm, an eerie evocation of the immediate aftermath of the Second World War in which Polish families begin to recolonise the city from which the Russians drove them out, and the stories old and new inhabitants mysteriously commingle.  The novel dates from 1995 and the translation was published in 2005.

     

    Linda Grant

    A Tale of Love and Darkness, by Amos Oz, translated from the Hebrew by Nicholas de Lange.  In 1952, Amos Oz’s mother committed suicide. This monumental, heart-breaking, extremely funny memoir seeks the reasons why against the backdrop of the family’s arrival in Thirties Palestine.

     

     Francesca Segal

    Beware of Pity, by Stefan Zweig translated by Anthea Bell.  Dark, subtle, psychologically astute – I read page after page with a hand clapped over my mouth in horrified fascination. A young Austro-Hungarian cavalry officer entangles himself with the crippled daughter of a rich landowner, blurring the lines of love and pity and plunging – we watch him do it, tumbling in slow motion – ever deeper into a deception from which no good could ever come. Zweig is a magnificent storyteller.

     

    Joe O’Connor

    I recommend Pasternak’s Dr Zhivago, (latest translation by Larissa Volokhonsky and Richard Peaver), which I’m reading at the moment, a maddeningly complicated novel that shouldn’t work at all but which draws you in slowly and subtly. Written in Russian, unpublished, banned, first published in the west in Italian, then translated back into Russian, its own journey is as circuitous and inspiring as those of the characters.

     

    Marina Warner

    Emile Habiby, Saraya, The Ogre’s Daughter translated by Peter Theroux Ibis. Inspired by a Palestinian variation on the fairy tale of Rapunzel, it’s a philosophical fable for our time, written in 1991, undiminished in its eloquence about the tensions and the high hopes that continue to be part of daily life in the region.

     

    Ben Faccini

    I’ve long been an admirer of Francophone writing from sub-Saharan Africa and the Maghreb. I have particularly loved works by Tierno Monénembo, Ahmadou Kourouma, Alain Mabanckou and Leonora Miano. Many are available in English, but not enough. I was lucky recently to read a manuscript of Leonora Miano’s latest work, La Saison de l’Ombre. It’s not yet translated, but it is brimming with power and inventiveness. Moving northwards to Morocco, and written in a completely different style, I’m still haunted by the horror and beauty of Tahar Ben Jelloun’s This Blinding Absence of Light translated by Linda Coverdale.  

     

    Elizabeth Kostova

    Admittedly, I’m biased in this recommendation, but readers of English can take a strange and wonderful trip to the beach this summer:  Bulgarian novelist Angel Igov’s new book, A Short Tale of Shame, translated by Angela Rodel and published by Open Letter.

     

    Carmen Bugan

    Pablo Neruda’s Memoirs, translated by Hardie St Martin, is a hugely enjoyable book: it is a moving insight into how personal experience brings about the birth of the poetic voice, and it offers a treasured view into a Chilean childhood.

     

    David Hewson

    Carlo Levi, Christ Stopped at Eboli translated by Frances Frenaye. This is an extraordinary book written by an extraordinary man. Levi was a doctor who was exiled to the south by Mussolini during the 1930s. The book is a gripping, moving and occasionally very funny insight into a world most of us never knew existed: the rural communities of the Mezzogiorno, where superstition and vendettas were daily events. I reread from time to time and always find something new. One of the more astonishing facets of the book is that Levi wrote it while on the run from the Nazis in Florence. Had they caught him he would probably have been dead, both as a Jew and a communist.

     

    Blake Morrison

    Friedrich Christian Delius’s Portrait of the Mother as a Young Woman (Peirene Press) follows the inner and outer journey of a German woman as she makes her way across Rome, over the course of an hour, one day in 1943 – a compelling story of innocence on the one hand and Nazism on the other, told in a single 120-page sentence, excellently translated by Jamie Bulloch.

     

    Miranda France

    In Small Memories, José Saramago (Harvill Secker) recalls a 1920s Portuguese childhood full of wonder and warmth – poverty and hardship too. All writers are formed to a degree by their childhoods and here, in distillation, are the ideas and experiences that shaped the future Nobel prize winner. Margaret Jull Costa’s translation perfectly captures Saramago’s sly humour.

     

    Yasmin Alibhai-Brown

    Ashes of the Amazon by Milton Hatoum and translated by John Gledson. This is a vivid family saga about a clash of values, the personal and political, art versus materialism and militarism, reliable and unreliable memory and ultimately a story of Brazil. Better still, it does not serve up yet more magic realism, once a flight into unexplored literary spheres, now a clichéd expectation of South American writing.

     

    James Meek

    The translation I’ve read recently that has given me the most to think about, that affected me most strongly, is Robert Fitzgerald’s translation of the Iliad. It is as if all European literature since has been one great house, and Homer stands in the doorway; alone, he has come from the outside.

     

     

  • PEN Atlas recommends: ITD2012 speakers on their favourite translated books

    To celebrate the annual International Translation Day symposium, taking place tomorrow at King’s Place, London, Tasja Dorkofikis asks speakers to recommend their favourite books and writers in translation

    Amanda Hopkinson, experienced translator, academic, and co-curator of Notes & Letters, recommends…

    Raised from the Ground  by Jose Saramago, trans. Margaret Jull Costa and published by Harvill Secker this month.

    This early work by Portuguese Nobel Prizewinner Jose Saramago, translated by perhaps our most garlanded Portuguese literary translator Margaret Jull Costa, shows intellectual inventiveness and political militancy blended in a profound and humorous historical novel. The theme is the landless peasantry that were Saramago’s own immediate forebears and was written at a time when he was suffering persecution and then exile at the behest of the Salazar dictatorship. Raised from the Ground is at once a vivid depiction of rural poverty and a rallying cry for activism.

    Slavery Inc: The Untold Story of International Sex Trafficking by Lydia Cacho, translated by Elizabeth Boburg  and published by Portobello Books.

    Lydia Cacho is a one-person expert/ investigator/reporter on that most confusing of crimes: human trafficking. She is categorical, and has the facts to back her, that this is globalised big business run by consortia of criminals, corrupt police and politicians. Women and children thus exploited may be deluded but are not willing victims of their own transportation and degradation. Rarely has a book had a more appropriate title than $laveryInc.

    Briony Everroad,editor at Harvill Secker, recommends…

    Jerusalem: Chronicles from the Holy City by Guy Delise, translated by Helge Dascher and published by Jonathan Cape and Vintage.

    I first came to love graphic novels, or perhaps I should say graphic memoirs in this context, when I read Ethel & Ernest by Raymond Briggs. Then I was swept away by Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis. So I was delighted to discover Guy Delisle a few years later through his graphic travelogue Pyongyang.

    Jerusalem: Chronicles from the Holy City is a powerful documentation of Guy Delisle’s year in Jerusalem with his family. His partner works for Médecins Sans Frontières and he tries to sketch and write, in between taking his kids to school.  Delisle isn’t religious, so it comes across as even-handed observations of this most incredible and perplexing of places. He’s also strikingly honest, admitting when he doesn’t know the history behind certain zones and boundaries or the events that led to them, and so the reader learns as he learns.  I work on (non-graphic) fiction for the most part, and speaking as someone who can’t even draw a stick figure, I am fascinated by the techniques he uses: the powerful wordless frames, the sparing but effective use of colour, his son’s speech bubbles crammed with letters which spill to the end of the frame. His writing style is direct and at times very moving, and Helge Dascher captures it perfectly in the translation. In Jerusalem Delisle offer a wonderful new perspective on a city which is so often the focus of the world’s attention.

    Sarah Hesketh,Events and Publications Manager at the Poetry Translation Centre, recommends…

    Portrait of the Mother as a Young Woman by Friedrich Christian Delius, translated by Jamie Bulloch and published by Peirene.

    It’s rare that I’m able to read a book in one sitting, but Portrait of the Mother as a Young Woman is structured as just one, single, book-length sentence, and so it invites complete immersion for a few hours. It’s a book that happens in real time – it takes just the length of the narrator’s walk to church on a January afternoon in 1943, and it captures perfectly that suspension of time that a heavily pregnant woman feels when she is waiting to give birth, as well as the sense of a whole continent on the cusp.  

    Alexandra Buchler, Director of Literature Across Frontiers, recommends…

    Dream of Ding Village by Yan Lianke, translated by Cindy Carter and published by Corsair.

    I recommend this book because it is a must-read for anyone interested in China’s recent transformations and the corruption of a regime which did the unimaginable: fuse the political doctrine of communism with capitalist license, and because it is a such a powerful example of high-quality literature making a political statement. Like some of the masterpieces of 20th
     century literature this book is the opposite of a “good read”: it is sad and heavy, it speaks about a situation of surreal absurdity, conveying a truth that must be said and cannot be shirked.

    Geraldine D’Amico, co-curator of Notes & Letters and curator of Folkestone Book Festival, recommends…

    To the End of the Land by David Grossman, translated by Jessica Cohen and published by Vintage.

    Grossman movingly captures the pain of a mother fearing for the life of her son but above all it is a book about the deep damage caused by war onto people and landscape alike. Lovers are destroyed, innocence is impossible, death is lurking everywhere. One woman alone tries to fight this, rekindle love, give birth to a father and keep her son alive through the magic of words. The fact Grossman’s son was killed as he was writing this book obviously makes it even more poignant but regardless of his personal tragedy, this is a true masterpiece.

    Rosa Anderson, coordinator of Fiction Uncovered, recommends…

    School for Patriots by Martin Kohan, translated by Nick Caistor and soon to be published by Serpent’s Tail.

    Set in Argentina during the Falklands War, it’s an intriguing – and unsettling – investigation into the relationship between power and sex.

    Sophie Lewis, editor-at-large at And Other Stories and translator from French, recommends…

    Near to the Wild Heart by Clarice Lispector, translated from Brazilian Portuguese by Alison Entrekin and published by New Directions.

    I read this book in a state of guilt at being settled in Rio for more than a year yet knowing so little of Lispector’s writing – she is considered one of the greatest 20th century Brazilian writers. Yet what I found in reading this book (and now others by her) was very little to tell me about Brazil and so much to think about, both bigger and smaller than this country,: mood, sensation, place vanishing into specks under the microscope, dialogue in a vortex of thought – genuinely transcendent writing.